考点六：抽象名词具体化的用法

例6．We have every reason to believe that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games was _____success.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。句意：我们完全有理由相信2022年北京冬奥运会是成功的。分析句子可知，success是抽象名词具体化，表示泛指“一件成功的事”，且以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。

考点七：名词所有格用法

例7．The tourist center is far away from here indeed. It’s two ________(hour) walk.

【答案】hours’

【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：旅游中心离这里确实很远。 走路要两个小时。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词所有格形式作定语修饰名词walk。所以用 two hours’ walk 表示“两小时的路程”符合语境。故填hours’。

考点八：名词单数变复数不规则变化

例8．Statistics consistently show that half of ________ (child) prefer riding bicycles to playing on computers ｏｒ smart phones.

【答案】children

【解析】考查名词复数。句意：统计数据一致显示，有一半的孩子更喜欢骑自行车，而不是玩电脑或智能手机。child为可数名词，零冠词用可数名词复数表泛指。故填children。

考点九：固定句型中冠词的用法

例9．Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, ________ (tomato) and sunflowers.

【答案】tomatoes

【解析】考查名词。句意：现在，近500英亩的沙地正在变成生产玉米、西红柿和向日葵的农场。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“producing”的宾语，“tomato”意为“西红柿”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，生产的不止一个西红柿，故空格处应用“tomato”的复数形式“tomatoes”。故填tomatoes。

考点十：动词或形容词变为名词的用法

例10．China’s industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year, marking the best ________ (perform) since 2010.

【答案】performance

【解析】考查名词。句意：中国今年的工业产出预计将增长6.5%左右，这标志着自2010年以来的最佳表现。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作“marking”的宾语，“perform”意为“表演，表现”，动词词性，对应的名词为“performance”，意为“表现”，为不可数名词。故填performance。

真题演练

阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _____________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

1. populations 

【解析】考查名词复数用法。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。

2.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my _____________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how to thank him.”

2.考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。

3.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental _____________ (protect).

3. protection。

【解析】考查复数用法。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。

4.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a _____________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.

4. responsibility   

【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。

5.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the _____________ (invite).

5. invitation

【解析】考查名词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。

6.（2021新高考1卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _____________ (human) are.

6. humans

【解析】考查复数用法。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。

7.（2021新高考II卷）A company _____________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

7. representative。

【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。

8.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and_____________ (watchtower) to take pictures...

8. watchtowers

【解析】考查复数用法。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。

9.（2021全国乙卷）_____________ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足）and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.

9. Activities

【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。

10.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________ (develop) of the local areas.

10. development

【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。

11.（2022浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a _____________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.

11. peron’s

【解析】考查名词所有格。此空后接名词，且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方…”，故此处填person的所有格形式。

12.（2021浙江6月卷）In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _____________ (marry) ceremony in 1842.

12. marriage

【解析】考查复数用法。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。故填marriage。

13.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream? Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse _____________ (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.

13. ideas

【解析】考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。

14.（2020全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular_____________ ( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.

14. interest

【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。be of+抽象名词，且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。

15. (2020全国II卷) Chinese New Year is a_____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.

15. celebration

【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。由设空前冠词a和空格后的现在分词作定语可知，设空处需使用名词形式，在句中作表语，故填celebration。

16. (2020全国III卷) Filled with_____________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.

16. curiosity

【解析】考查名词词性转换。句意“充满了好奇心”， with为介词，后面应当使用名词形式。curios的名词形式拼写容易错误，应当重点记忆，故填curiosity。

17.（2020新高考卷）At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical _____________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.

17. accuracy

【解析】考查名词词性转换。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。

18.（2020浙江6月卷）Later, they learned to work with the _____________ (season), planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.

18. seasons。

【解析】考查可数名词复数。句意：后来他们学会根据季节的变化而工作……。因为一年有四季，逻辑上应用复述。故答案是seasons。

19.（2020天津卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _____________ (transform).

19.transformation

【解析】考查名词词性转换。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。transformation改革，变革根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故答案是transformation。

20.（2020北京卷）Now, lots of _____________ (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.

20. countries

【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。

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