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语法真题精讲精练: 特殊句式

时间:2024年03月01日 阅读量 : 467

考点一:考查部分倒装句


例1.No sooner had she spoken ______ she regretted it bitterly.


【答案】than


【解析】考查固定短语。句意:她一开口就后悔得很厉害。分析句意再根据No sooner可知,此处用固定短语:no sooner......than表示“一……就”符合语境,且本句是部分倒装句式。故选than。


考点二:考查完全倒装句


例2.In the middle of the square ________(stand) a stone with a statue of a hero on top of it.


【答案】stands


【解析】考查倒装句型。句意:在广场的中央矗立着一块石头,上面有一个英雄的雕像。分析句子,结合句意可知,此处应用全倒装句型,谓语动词stands放在主语a stone之前,地点状语In the middle of the square位于句首。故选stands。


考点三:考查强调句型


例3.It is only when we get ill ______ we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy.


【答案】that


【解析】考查强调句型。句意:只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。去掉“It is ...”结构框架后句子不缺少主语、谓语、宾语等成分,仍然成立,所以该句是强调句。强调句的句型是“It is/was+被强调部分+that(通用)/who(指人)/whom(强调宾语指人)+其它”,被强调的是状语“only when we get ill”,所以设空处只能是that。故选that。


考点四:考查省略句


例4.When __________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.


【答案】comparing


【解析】考查状语从句省略。句意:当比较不同的文化的时候,我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。当从句省略主语的时候,暗指的主语必须和主句的主语一致,“When ” 后没有主语,所以它暗指的主语必须是后面主句的主语,就是“'we”,也就是说从句里的compare 的主语是we,表示“我们在比较”, compare与句子we构成主动关系,使用动词的现在分词,且与主句主语pay attention to同时发生,用一般式。故填comparing。


考点五:考查反意疑问句


例5. ——You didn’t watch the film last night, _________ you?


——Yes, I did, but I missed the beginning.


【答案】did


【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:——你昨晚没看那部电影,是吗?——我看了,但是我错过了开头。分析句子结构可知,第一空是反意疑问句,遵循前肯后否,前否后肯的原则,主语和前面句子主语一致,因此第一空是did you;由“but I missed the beginning”可知,第二个说话人的确去看电影了,因此第二空是Yes, I did。故填did。


考点六:考查Not until…句型


例6. Not until quite recently________ we realize that how important it is to learn English well.


【答案】did


【解析】考查倒装句及时态。句意:直到最近我们才意识到学好英语是多么的重要。分析句子结构可知,这里考查Not until位于句首时,主句谓语使用部分倒装结构。时间状语是recently,根据选项,主句谓语是动词realize,用一般过去式,所以倒装时要加助动词did。故填did。


考点七:状语从句的省略


例7.When ________ (absorb) in his world of music,he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him,like he had in his previous life.


【答案】absorbed


【解析】考查省略。句意:当他沉浸在音乐世界中时,他感觉好像能“看到”他周围世界的美丽,就像他以前的生活一样。在when引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。be absorbed in沉浸在……,when后省略he was。故填absorbed。


考点八:if虚拟条件句的省略


例8.________ it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.


【答案】Were


【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句省略了if,句意:如果不是因为老师的支持,这个学生是不可能克服困难的。



真题演练


1.(2017·全国·高考真题)When_______, the museum will be open to the public next month.

A.to complete B.completes

C.completing D.completed

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:博物馆建成后将于下月对公众开放。分析句子可知,本句使用了when引导的时间状语从句,当从句主语和主句主语相同,且含有be动词时,从句主语连同be动词可以一起被省略,这里省略了主语the museum和be动词is,原句为:When the museum is completed。故选D。

2.(2010·陕西·高考真题)John opened the door. There he had never seen before.

A.a girl did stand 

B.a girl stood

C.did a girl stand 

D.stood a girl

【答案】D

【解析】考查全部倒装。句意:John打开门,门外站着一个他以前从未见过的女孩。固定句式there be句式本身就是一个倒装句,there是一个副词,副词放在了句首,且主语是名词的时候,要使用全部倒装的形式。本题的there放在了句首,后面句子的主语是a girl是一个名词,定语从句he had never seen before是修饰先行词a girl的。故D正确。

3.(2008·重庆·高考真题)Only when I left my parents for Italy ______ how much I loved them.

A.did I realize B.I realized C.had I realized D.I had realized

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。句意:只有当我离开父母去意大利时,我才意识到我是多么爱他们。only+状语位于句首句子采用部分倒装,根据后文loved可知应用一般过去时态,故应将助动词did提前,动词还原。故选A。

4.(2010·湖南·高考真题)John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard workhas made him what he is today.

A.why B.when C.which D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句式。句意:他的成功与运气没有关系,是多年的努力造就了他的今天。强调句型的基本结构为:It is+被强调部分+that+其余部分。判断是否为强调句型的方法为:去掉it is和that之后剩余部分正好构成完整的句子即为强调句型。故选D项。

5.(2009·辽宁·高考真题)________is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.

A.Such B.This C.That D.So

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。句意:这就是电视的力量,它能使一个人突然成名。such置于句首句子要倒装,防止误选D;此处不是such---that; so---that句型;such代替的是“that it can make a person suddenly famous”,故选A.

6.(2013·福建·高考真题)Anyone,once ________ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.

A.to be tested B.being tested

C.tested D.to test

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:任何人一旦被检验出H7N9流感病毒呈阳性,都将免费接受来自政府的医学治疗。本句为状语从句的省略,还原后为:once anyone is tested, 省略了主语和is。故选C。

7.(2013·天津·高考真题)It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.

A.that B.where

C.why D.when

【答案】A

【解析】考查强调句型。句意:快到信的末尾时她才提到自己的计划。分析句子可推断出此处考查not until的强调句,形式是“it is/was not until..that…”, 故选A。

8.(2012·上海·统考高考真题)--- Was it by cutting down staff  _ _she saved the firm?

----- No, it was by improving work efficiency.

A.when B.what C.how D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句式。句意:---是她通过裁员挽救了公司吗?---不,是通过提高工作效率。此处是强调句型的一般疑问句形式,by cutting down staff是被强调的部分。it be+强调部分+that+其它,为强调句。故选D项。

9.(2014·广西·高考真题)______the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.

A.Not do only B.Do not only C.Only not do D.Not only do

【答案】D

【解析】试题分析:考查部分倒装。句意:护士们不仅要求涨工资,而且要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also被省略,not only引导的句子置于句首时,需部分倒装。把助动词do放在主语the nurses的前面,故选D。

10.(2014·湖南·高考真题)(2014·湖南)Children, when_________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.

A.to be accompanied B.to accompany

C.accompanying D.accompanied

【答案】D

【解析】考查省略句。句意:孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。本题考查状语从句省略,原句为Children, when they are accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 省略了 they are。故选D项。

11.(2014·湖南·高考真题)Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.

A.will you keep B.you will keep C.you kept D.did you keep

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装结构用法。句意:只有当你在你心中找到宁静的时候,你才会与其他人保持好的关系。only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子的主句要用部分倒装。结构为:only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语。根据从句的can可以排除D项。故A正确。

12.(2016·江苏·高考真题)Not until recently ____________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged

C.did they encourage D.they encouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时,主句要使用部分倒装。陈述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,故C项正确。

13.(2016﹒天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.

A.who B.which

C.where D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句。句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。

14.(2009·陕西·高考真题)Little _________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.

A.did Rose care B.Rose did care

C.Rose does care D.does Rose care

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装结构。句意:罗斯很少关心她自己的安全,即使她自己身处险境。否定词little,seldom,never等位于句首,句子用部分倒装结构。根据though she was in great danger herself.可知,用一般过去时。故选A。

15.(2013·上海·高考真题)Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.

A.is B.are C.is there D.are there

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。句意:缺少自然资源是人类面临的众多危机之一。根据句子结构可知,该句为完全倒装句。用法为,表示方位的介词短语among the crises放在句首,句子要使用完全倒装,即把谓语动词提前到主语之前。由此可知,该句的主语为the lack of natural resources单数,句子本来应为The lack of natural resources is among the crises that face humans. 因此选择A项。

16.(2018·天津·高考真题)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

A.which B.that

C.when D.where

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。

点睛:本题考查强调句,要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构,It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点:拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性,则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。

17.(2015·重庆·高考真题)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.

A.while B.though C.that D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查强调句。句意:巴赫死于1750年,但直到19世纪初期他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until连用,It be not until that …。故选C项。

18.(2009·福建·高考真题)For a moment nothing happened. Then _____ all shouting together.

A.voices had come B.came voices C.voices would come D.did voices come

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。句意:有那么一会儿什么都没有发生,然后一起喊叫的声音传来。副词then位于句首,且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装句,即将谓语动词提到主语前面,由前面句子happened可知,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,即将谓语动词came提到主语voices前面,故选B。

19.(2010·海南·高考真题)We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.

A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt with

C.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with

【答案】B

【解析】考查省略句。句意:我们都知道,如果不被细心处理,这个情况最更加糟糕的。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且使用be动词的时候,可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。本题在if后面省略了the situation is,补全后句为We all know that, if the situation is not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse.故B正确。

20.(2013·福建·高考真题)Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.

A.had he realized 

B.did he realize 

C.he realized 

D.he had realized

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装句和时态。句意:直到他经历了真正的困难,他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是很重要的。not until这样的否定词放在句首的时候,后面的主句是部分倒装,就是将be动词,助动词或情态动词放在主语前面,而且这句话的从句是过去时,主句的动作发生在从句的动作前面,不可能是过去完成时,用一般过去时。选B。

21.(2010·重庆·高考真题)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A.Chongqing lies 

B.lies Chongqing

C.does lie Chongqing 

D.does Chongqing lie

【答案】B

【解析】考查完全倒装句。句意:位于长江、嘉陵江交汇处的重庆是中国十大城市之一。英语中把地点副词放在句首,如果谓语动词是不及物动词时,要用全部倒装,即状语+不及物动词+主语。分析选项可知,只有B项是完全倒装。所以选B。

22.(2018·天津·统考高考真题)What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your love of music?

A.as B.who C.that D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查强调句式。句意:是什么让你们走到一起的?是因为你对音乐的热爱吗?。分析句子可知,本句为强调句式It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。特殊疑问句的强调句型:疑问代词或疑问副词+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分。故选C项。

23.(2011·全国·高考真题)Only when he reached the tea-house _________ it was the same place he’d been in last year.

A.he realized B.he did realize

C.realized he D.did he realize

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:当他走到茶馆时,才意识到这正是他去年去过的地方。only位于句首,修饰状语从句时,主句应用部分倒装,即是把助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语前。故选D。

Only引导的状语从句位于句首,应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。

24.(2007·陕西·高考真题)________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.

A.So successful her business was

B.So successful was her business

C.So her business was successful

D.So was her successful business

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。句意:Marie的生意如此成功,以至于她在别的地方建立一个新的分公司。so+ adj. /adv. 置于句首时, 其主句需用部分倒装,正常的语序是Her business was so successful that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere,be动词was提前到主语之前,故选B。

25.(2013·浙江·高考真题)There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.

A.not treated B.not being treated

C.not to be treated D.not having been treated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:有些健康问题,如果不及时处理,以后会变得更严重。when not treated in time为插入语,在本句中为时间状语从句,把that can become bigger ones later on这个定语从句给隔开了。when引导时间状语从句时,可以出现省略的现象,但必须满足两个条件:首先,时间状语从句中的主语必须和主句主语一致;其次,从句中含有be动词。本句补充完整的状语从句为:when they are not treated in time,其他选项形式不对。故答案为A项。

26.(2012·江西·高考真题)Never before ____________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

A.had she B.she had

C.has she D.she has

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装。句意:在那以前,她从来没有看到一个人可能和Robert一样打乒乓球打得那么好。否定词never放在句首,主句要部分倒装,B、D排除,又因为是过去的情况对现在造成的影响,所以为现在完成时,是第三人称所以用has,所以用现在完成时,排除A,故选C。

27.(2012·重庆·高考真题)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________Zheng sailed to East Africa

A.when B.that C.after D.since

【答案】B

【解析】考查强调句。句意:郑和到达东非的时间比哥伦布横渡大西洋早了80年。分析可知,句子去掉It was和that,句意仍然完整,所以句子为强调句,其结构为It is/was…that/who…,被强调部分为时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选B项。

28.(2012·陕西·高考真题)Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

A.although B.as C.while D.however

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:尽管夜晚的空气很热,我们还是睡得很沉,因为经过长途旅行我们太累了。hot是做从句的表语,提前说明让步状语从句倒装,即as引导的让步状语从句中,要将从句中的表语,状语,或动词原形提到as之前,故选B。

29.(2019·天津·高考真题)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.

A.should they B.they should

C.dare they D.they dare

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,排除B、D项;这里表示应该,故选A。

30.(2012·辽宁·高考真题)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________ having a holiday abroad.

A.had he considered 

B.he had considered

C.he considered 

D.did he consider

【答案】D

【解析】考查not until倒装句的用法。句意:直到三年前他教学退休后他才考虑出国度假。not until引起的时间状语置于句首时,主句应该部分倒装,从句的语序不变。在本题中,时态是一般过去时,he retired …ago 是从句不用倒装,主句的正常语序是he considered having a holiday abroad,改成倒装则是did he consider having a holiday abroad,故选D。


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